A Cost-Effective Passive/Active Hybrid Equalizer Circuit Design

This paper proposes a novel hybrid equalizer circuit (HEC) for battery management system (BMS) to implement the passive HEC (P-HEC), active (A-HEC), or active/passive (AP-HEC) with same architecture. The advantages of an are that it is simple, cost-effective, highly energy efficient, and fail safe. P-HEC can further use cooling fan heater instead conventional resistor as power dissipation element convert waste heat generated by adjust temperature. Even if uses consume in methods, still dramatically improves component lifetime reliability BMS because outside board. Three significant A-HEC its (1) low cost, (2) small volume, (3) higher efficiency than circuits (AECs). In design, MOSFETs switch array do not need high-speed switching transfer AECs DC/DC converter architecture isolated charger charge string cell. Therefore, equal cell selector simple ON/OFF function. summary, provides high efficiency, fail-safe design satisfy balancing demands all kinds electric vehicles (EVs) storage systems (ESSs).